The Hardy Common Juniper

Common juniper is known by a variety of common names but here just two are mentioned, dwarf juniper and prostrate juniper. There are many subspecies or varieties of the common juniper ( Juniperous communis). Common juniper is a low shrub that generally grows no more than 3 to 4 feet high but can grow into a 30-foot tree. The common Juniper is the only circumpolar conifer in the northern hemisphere and grows worldwide including North America. The Common Juniper Tree Range Common juniper is found across the U.S.A. and Canada to Greenland, through Europe, across Siberia and Asia. Three major sub-species or varieties grow in North America: depressa occurs throughout Canada and the United States, megistocarpa occurs in Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and Quebec, montana occurs in Greenland, British Columbia, and California, Oregon, and Washington. The Hardy Common Juniper Common juniper is a hardy shrub, sometimes growing to tree size in a wide range of ecological conditions. The dwarf juniper typically grows on dry, open, rocky slopes and mountainsides but may be found in stressed environments where competition with other plants is almost non-existent. It also often grows in partial shade. Depending upon the latitude it can be found from lowland bogs at sea level to sub-alpine ridges and alpine tundra at over 10,000 feet. This juniper is also a common shrub of abandoned lowland fields in the Northern United States. Identification of Common Juniper The leaf of common Juniper is needle-like and slender, in whorls of three, sharp-pointed, glossy green with a broad white band on the upper side. Common juniper bark is red-brown and peeling in thin, vertical strips. The fruit is a berry-like cone, green to glaucous to black as it ripens. The shrub and tree forms of common juniper can be called prostrate, weeping, creeping and bushy. Uses of Common Juniper Common Juniper is of value for long-term land rehabilitation projects and is useful in preventing soil erosion. Common juniper provides important cover and browses for wildlife, especially mule deer. The cones are eaten by several species of songbirds and are an important food source for wild turkeys. Common junipers  make excellent, vigorous landscaping shrubs, which are readily propagated by cuttings in the commercial nursery trade. The juniper berry is used as a flavoring for gin and some foods. Fire and the Common Juniper Common juniper is often killed by fire. It has been described as having minimal â€Å"firesurviving regeneration properties, and resprouting after a fire is rare. The foliage of juniper is resinous and flammable, which sustains and fuels wildfire and the plant will be killed at high fire intensities.

Marc Lepine †Psychology Perspective - 2052 Words

MARC LEPINE – PSYCHOLOGY PERSPECTIVE ABSTRACT Marc Lepine, a 25 year old boy entered the corridors of Montreals École Polytechnique University and started separating boys and girls. He then opened fire and killed 14 girls (The Montreal Massacre – Gunman massacres 14 women, 1989). Looking into Marc’s case deeply and studying his childhood reveals that his actions can be significantly explained using psychological theories such as Miller and Dollard’s Four Stage theory, the idea of lacking empathy and Bowlby’s and Ainsworth’s attachment theory. This paper not only depicts the effect of the psychological deviant behaviours but also its connection to above mentioned theories. Steps have been taken to take this†¦show more content†¦When he separated all the girls onto a corner, one girls tried explaining him that they are not feminists, just ordinary girls wanting to be engineers. He was so carried away by his hatred that he addressed all the engineering students as feminists â€Å"wo men who are going to be engineers are a bunch of feminists† (Eglin and Hester, 2003) and killed them. In Marc’s life, just as in any criminal’s life, the absence of empathy played a major role in making him a criminal and committing a crime. DOLLARD AND MILLER STAGES Dollard and Miller talk about four essential stages in ones childhood. All the four stages are important for the proper development. If any of the stages is missing, it can have negative results throughout the life. The four stages are feeding, cleanliness, early sex training and anger / anxiety management. No evidence of a faulty training on the first three issues is present in Marc’s Life. However, fault at the fourth stage, anger/anxiety management, was present and played a major role in leading him to commit the crime. With the lack of the fourth stage development, an individual is not able to control his anger. If not worked on this, over time this becomes very dangerous and can lead to destructing results. The atmosphere he grew up seldom showed any anger / aggression management. His father used to physically abuse him and his mother for very little mistakes. As a child, he learnt the only way to get rid ofShow MoreRelatedSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 PagesIntroduction to Numerical Analysis,Brian Bradie (ISM) A Guide to International Financial Reporting Standards, 3rd Edition_Belverd E. Needles, Marian Powers (SM+TB) A Guide to Modern Econometrics, 4th Edition_Marno Verbeek (SM) A History of Modern Psychology, 10th Edition _ Duane P. Schultz, Sydney Ellen Schultz ( IM+TB) A Microscale Approach to Organic Laboratory Techniques, 5th Edition _Donald L. Pavia, George S. Kriz, Gary M. Lampman, Randall G. Engel (IM) A People and a Nation A History of theRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesManagement Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization 16 †¢ Managing Workforce Diversity 18 †¢ Improving Customer ServiceRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages168 WORKPLACE ISSUES: Avoiding Hiring Mistakes 169 Now It’s Up to the Candidate 169 Selection for Self-Managed Teams Reliability 171 Validity 171 Content Validity 171 Construct Validity 172 Criterion-Related Validity 172 Recruiting: A Global Perspective 146 DID YOU KNOW?: Posting Online Rà ©sumà ©s 147 Your Own Job Search 147 Preparing Your Rà ©sumà © 148 Some Final Remarks 149 Summary 149 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 150 Key Terms 150 151 HRM Workshop 170 Key Elements for Successful

Epidemiology of Communicable Disease for Malaria - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEpidemiology of Communicable Disease for Malaria. Answer: Introduction The continued incidence of malaria all over the world in endemic areas continues to be a public health challenge. India is one of the countries where the scourge of the disease has been difficult to control owing to the tropical and sub-tropical ecology that favours the growth of the mosquito vector. The global incidence of malaria in Southeast Asia, Africa and South America has also been high. The control measures that are adopted include vector control through the use of insecticides and other strategies. The parasite control through the use of newer drugs, vaccines and sustained malaria control programs are being used to eliminate the disease. Epidemiology of malaria in India Malaria is a major public health problem in 104 countries, causing illness in 207 million people causing 627,000 deaths annually. India accounts for 70-80% of the cases of malaria in South Asia and about 1000 deaths occur due to malaria every year in the country that is known for tropical weather conditions (Dash, Valecha, Anvikar, Kumar, 2008; Anvikar, et al., 2016). There are reports that the actual number of deaths due to malaria may be 10 to20 times higher than those reported(Manguin, 2013). The occurrence of rain provides the climate for the breeding of the mosquitoes that are the Plasmodium vector. There occurs tremendous heterogeneity in the malaria because several ecotypes of the pathogen exist in different parts of the country. The transmission of the malarial protozoan, Plasmodium, occurs through mosquitoes that belong to the genus Anopheles. The genus has 465 species that have been recognized taxonomically and 50 member species that are yet to be named(Sinka, et al., 2012 ). The transmission of malaria occurs through six primary vectors, Anopheles culicifacies, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles dirus, Anopheles fluviatilis, Anopheles minimus and Anopheles epiroticus. Multiple species of the malaria parasite and the vectors cause the endemicity of malaria in India. Four species of the malaria parasite cause malaria in India. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are common, while malarial cases due to P. malariae and P. ovale are rare. Historically, the P. vivax has caused the larger number of malaria cases but of late P. falciparum malaria cases are more frequent and have occurred in larger numbers. Some areas have reported simultaneous occurrence of malaria caused by both the species (Das, 2012). The climatic conditions of rainfall, relative humidity and temperature play a major role in the incidence of malaria. It is recognised as a disease that is among the most sensitive to temperature (Bi, et al., 2013). The fact that large parts of India are tropical and the average temperatures range between 15-30 degree Celsius and rainfall and precipitation occurs across states through the year makes the climate conducive to the breeding of mosquitoes. Most cases of malaria are reported from the Eastern states of Orissa, Jharkhand, Bengal, central states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh and the Western states of Gujarat, Rajasthan and Karnataka (Das, 2012). Environmental change due to changes in climate and manmade ecological changes, such as, construction of dams, intense agriculture, rapid urbanisation and deforestation contribute to a shift from rural malaria to urban malaria, industrial to travel malaria and forest to plain malaria in the Indian context (Das, 2012). Global epidemiology and ecology of malaria Apart from India, malaria is endemic to several regions around the world in Southeast Asia, East Africa and South America. In the current context the global ecology has become altered due to human intervention and climate change has affected the way malaria is expected to spread due to the impact of green house gases and land use. The malaria parasite circulates from the reservoir host, the Anopheles mosquito to humans and causes disease (Kaewwaen Bhumiratana, 2015). The feeding activity and ability of the vectors to breed in a shaded habitat can cause increase in malaria incidence. Anthropogenic changes in land use change may alter the risk of transmission of malaria and thus render human beings susceptible to malaria. Transmission in rural areas is considered to be higher than in urban areas. The night time bite by a female Anopheles mosquito when in an unprotected environment causes an infection among humans. Those working in agricultural fields are more vulnerable to transmission of malaria due to stagnation of irrigation water. In a study that compared malaria transmission at three locations in Brazil, Chennai and Panaji city in Goa, India, Columbia, Malawi, Senegal and Uganda, it was found that a high degree of annual rainfall and a conducive temperature caused transmission of malaria. Maturation of the vector to adult stage and transmission to humans usually begins after the seasonal rainfall begins. In urban areas risk of transmission is higher people who live in the vicinity of small urban parks, water storage tanks (Wilson, 2015). The incidence of malaria in urban environments has seen a decline due to improved dwellings, drainage of water which could become a breeding place of the vectors . better personal protection, houses that are mosquito proof and improved diagnosis and treatment have caused a decline in the incidence of malaria in urban areas (Wilson, 2015). In Africa, the incidence of malaria has remained high due to conditions of climate and temperature that are optimal for the breeding of mosquitoes. Several efforts at reducing the disease burden have been made but incidence, morbidity and mortality remain high (Snow, 2015). Control measures In India, the National Malaria Control Program in 1953 was based on the use of the insecticide DDT to kill the vectors and medication when required. Malathion was used from 1960s to control the vector population. Due to the development of insecticide resistance the insecticides used are not effective against all vector species. Later the program was modified and low incidence of malaria was achieved. But a resurgence of the disease occurred in the early 1970s. The current program to eradicate malaria was launched in 2016 and it is called the National framework for malaria eradication from 2016-2030. Strategies to control malaria include, vector control and parasite control. Medicines are dispensed through dispensaries and hospitals. Vector control has to be done through a multi pronged approach that includes reduction at source, use of larvicides, use of larvivorous fish, use of space spraying and environmental management and modification. This approach is for reducing the incidence of malaria in urban areas. Low quality housing and crowded living in slums is the main reason for increased breeding of mosquitoes and transmission of malaria (Searo.who.int). The use of chloroquin was the main arsenal in treating a Plasmodium infection. But the use of artemisinin derivatives has helped malaria that is resistant to chloroquin. The recent emergence of strains resistant to artemisinin is a cause for serious concern. Drug resistant malaria will be difficult to treat and in several countries the lack of resources has made it difficult to identify cases of drug resistance. Work on the development of a malaria vaccine is in advanced stages and some versions have been released. A pilot program was launched in Ghana, Malawi and Kenya for vaccination of children from April 2017. The incidence of malaria in the pilot study was reduced to 31% among children. The name of the vaccine is RTS, S and is being used in Africa (WHO). Prevention of malaria through the use of insecticide treated mosquito nets and spraying residences with insecticides has yielded improvement and the number of cases have declined considerably. A 37% decline in the cases of malaria and a 60% fall in the number of deaths has achieved, globally. While many countries have been able to eradicate malaria completely, others have achieved low incidence and have embarked upon programs for complete elimination(Shretta, Avancea, Hatefi, 2015). Previous experience has shown that resource crunch has been the main reason for the weakening of control measures employed and this has led to resurgence of malaria. Consistent economic inputs and maintenance of funding is vital to achieving elimination of malaria. Minor reasons such as travel or "airport malaria" can transmit the infection that are epidemiologically vulnerable and entomologically receptive (Huang Tatem, 2013). Conclusion The epidemiology and ecology of malaria are well understood. The incidence of malaria continues and the cases of resurgence time and again means that the efforts have to be sustained through better funding. The temperature and intermittent rainfall and relative humidity contribute to the incidence of malaria. The countries with tropical and sub-tropical climates have the maximum number of cases and fatalities due to malaria. The use of vector control through control of the Anopheles mosquitoes through insecticides, improved drainage of water and other biocontrol measures has helped in the prevention. The development of malaria vaccine shows promise and its efficacy is being tested among children in Africa. The development of drug resistance in Plasmodium has made treatment of malaria difficult. Earlier chloroquin was used for treatment. It has now been replaced by artemisinin but the development of resistance to this new drug has caused considerable concern. Continued funding and sus tained efforts can help reduce incidence and help nations succeed in elimination efforts. References Anvikar, A., Shah, N., Dhariwal, A., Sonal, G., Pradhan, M., Ghosh, S., Valecha, N. (2016). Epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax Malaria in India. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 95(6 Suppl): 108120. Bi, Y., Yu, W., Hu, W., Lin, H., Guo, Y., Zhou, X.-N., Tong, S. (2013). Impact of climate variability on Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Yunnan Province, China. Parasites Vectors, 6, 357. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-357. Das, A. A. (2012). Malaria in India: The Center for the Study of Complex Malaria in India. Acta Tropica, 121(3), 267273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.11.008. Dash, A., Valecha, N., Anvikar, A., Kumar, A. (2008). Malaria in India: challenges and opportunities. Journal of biosciences , 33(4):583-92. Huang, Z., Tatem, A. J. (2013). Global malaria connectivity through air travel. . Malaria Journal, 12, 269. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-12-269. Kaewwaen, W., Bhumiratana, A. (2015). Landscape Ecology and Epidemiology of Malaria Associated with Rubber Plantations in Thailand: Integrated Approaches to Malaria Ecotoping. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases, 909106. . Manguin, S. (2013). Anopheles mosquitoes - New insights into malaria vectors. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech. Searo.who.int. (n.d.). /national_framework_malaria_elimination_india_2016_2030.pdf?ua=1. Retrieved from https://www.searo.who.int: https://www.searo.who.int/india/publications/national_framework_malaria_elimination_india_2016_2030.pdf?ua=1 Shretta, R., Avancea, A., Hatefi, A. (2015). The economics of malaria control and elimination: a systematic review. Malaria Journal, 15:593. Sinka, M., Bangs, M., Manguin, S., Rubio-Palis, Y., Chareonviriyaphap, T., Coetze, M., . . . Hay, S. (2012). A global map of dominant malaria vectors. Parasites Vectors, 4:69. Snow, R. W. (2015). Global malaria eradication and the importance of Plasmodium falciparum epidemiology in Africa. . BMC Medicine, 13, 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-014-0254-7. WHO. (n.d.). /malaria-vaccine-implementation-qa/en/. Retrieved from https://www.who.int: https://www.who.int/malaria/media/malaria-vaccine-implementation-qa/en/ Wilson, M. L.-H. (2015). Urban Malaria: Understanding its Epidemiology, Ecology, and Transmission across Seven Diverse ICEMR Network Sites. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 93(3 Suppl), 110123.

Written Self Evaluation free essay sample

All my life I have been asked to speak at events, introduce people, and accept awards. So I thought being in this class really didnt feel any different, but I was wrong. I guess it was the pressure of being graded is what got me, and having a time limit didnt make it any better. Being in this class has taught me that I can overcome any obstacles as long as I apply myself and push myself pass my limit. My expectation for this class was to help me communicate better than I do now, because becoming a nurse I need good communication skills. I thought delivering a speech was going to be like playing my trombone in front of people. I found that it takes time and practice and it will become easy to do. When playing my trombone if I mess up I can easily cover it up, but when doing a speech people can easily tell when you mess up. We will write a custom essay sample on Written Self Evaluation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My speech topic for the Tribute speech, was about us paying tribute to nurses because they save lifes. My central idea was, Nurses are there to provide comfort and to make sure you feel as at home as possible. They should be kind and enjoy doing their job. For my second speech, they informative speech, the topic was, when getting a car would it be better to lease it or own it. The central idea for this speech was, Choosing a car is already a hard thing to do, but deciding on whether to buy it or lease it is harder. My last speech was the persuasive speech, and my topic on this one was, are Pitbulls really that vicious. My central idea for this speech was, A Pit bulls personality is built on nurture, not nature. With that being said, Pit Bulls are as dangerous and mean, or as playful and safe as their owner allows them or trains them to be. For instance, my dog Coco does this thing where when Im sitting on the floor shell come over and hug me, its so cute. In each my speeches I did my introductory devices that were used was to grab the audience attention, and try to relate my subject to them by asking them certain question to get them involved and to make them feel a part of my speech. All of my speeches, in my opinion was effective, because it got the audience involved and makes them more interested in what Im about to say. From the beginning of the semester to the end, I feel like my introduction has gotten better and stronger throughout the semester. If we compare the very first speech I did to the very last speech I did , you should be able to see a clear difference in how I changed my approach, my introduction was more attention getting, and it has a stronger argument. Something I did well in my informative speech introduction was using what people love to get them to understand the relevance of why nurses can be heros like superman, or batman. Something that I could have done better in my introduction for this speech would be to make it more effective to the audience. When it comes down to my second speech I really did not like anything about that speech it felt like I rushed it, it was a horrible speech, and didnt even meet the required time frame that it was suppose to be. I could have did a lot of things better to improve my second speech, like it should have had more information to make the speech longer , and I could have chosen a better topic because I really wasnt interested in the one I chose. On the other hand, I believe my last speech was my best speech, I enjoyed talking about and the class was very interested in the subject, it was the perfect time frame and was the best speech I delivered.During this class I learned that there are different types of audiences. There is five type of audience in public speaking, first is the negative audience which disagree on your topics and here where the speaker responsible in changing their perspective, secondly is the positive audience which an open audience that eager in accepting and know new thing, thirdly is the divided audience which half will favor your speech and the other half not because of their different perspectives.