The Objective Of Green Building Concept Environmental Sciences Essay

The Objective Of squirt Building Concept Environmental Sciences EssayBuildings, as offices, argon responsible for around forty portion of the expenses borne by the business in operations. It is estimated that by the year 2050, the residential and office constructions will consume thirty cardinal shareage of the total global brawn and will release three thousand eight hundred mega tonnes of carbon into the atmosphere. Green Building is a technique of constructing buildings using processes and materials which are environment friendly and dynamism efficient at the same time.Buildings require standard pressure, weewee, energy and space for its occupants. These are provided by governances in positioning like the ventilation system, the water supply system and the electricity supply system. The materials which are utilisationd in the saying of the building also produce environmental impact like carbon footprint, pollution through wastes and slurry, and the role of water an d power. Buildings are one of the study sources of pollution that ca utilization air pollution and are responsible for climate change.The objective of honey oil building thought is to develop buildings which use the natural resources to the minimal at the time of construction as surface as operation. Green buildings emphasize on the resource usage efficiency and also press upon the three Rs Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.The technique of green building maximizes the use of efficient construction materials and practices boosts the use of natural sources and sinks in the buildings surroundings minimizes the energy usage to run itself uses highly dependable equipment for the indoor line of business uses highly proficient methods for water and waste management. The indoor equipment includes lighting, air-conditioning and all other needed equipment.Green Building is a team effort and the visualizeing and construction include consultants from architecture and landscaping, air conditi oning, plumbing, energy and electrical areas. These consultants have to assess the impact of the each and every design on the environment, keeping in mind the cost involved. The last-place design needs to be feasible and should minimize the negative impacts that the building would have on the environment.Implementation of the green building design can go across to a reduction of carbon sacking by thirty five part, water usage by forty percent, solid waste reduction by seventy percent and reduction in energy consumption by fifty percent. Green Building concept also emphasizes on the fact that an area with high biodiversity should be avoided as a site for the construction of a building.To ensure minimum negative impact on the environment by the construction and operation of a building, the factors which are to be kept in mind are to preserve the external environment to the building location to improve the intimate area for the residents of the building and also preserve the are as which are not close to the building.Saving EnergyEnergy saving through green building concept occurs in two ways. First is reduction in the amount of energy that is consumed in lighting, air conditioning and other building operations. Second is the usage of energy sources which do not produce any greenhouse gases and are renewable in nature. Green Buildings emphasize more on natural lighting and concepts of temperature realise and efficient design to further reduce the carbon footprint as well as reduce cost of operation.Saving waterGreen Buildings use various methods to reduce water usage, treat and reuse waste water and filter water from sourced from precipitation. The target is to be able to obtain zero water table negative impact from the green building.Reducing WasteWaste reduction is one of the most important issues that are to be dealt with. In the US alone, the waste from construction and demolition of buildings accounts for sixty percent of the total non-industrial was te. Green Building concept emphasizes on improving the design of the product, re-using and recycling materials. It results in horrific waste reduction and also encourages to reduce the environmental impact of the building.Improving Health and ProductivityHygiene and proper conditions inside the building also help in boosting human productivity. Hence various businesses concentrate on this aspect. Green Building concept provides for cleanliness and sound working conditions for employees and other inhabitants.Green Building concept in regular armyGreen building markets in the United States of America (USA), account for five to ten percent of the total building market. The largest organisation for green building in USA is the US Green Building Council (USGBC). It has over twelve thousand member organizations and is around a financial value of over twelve billion dollars. Some of the military rank systems that have been developed for green building concept are Leadership in Energy and Environmental designing (LEED), Green Globes, Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA), matter Association of Home Builders (NAHB), International Codes Council and American National Standards Institute.In USA, the existing buildings are accounting for forty percent of total energy consumption, twelve percent of total water usage, sixty eight percent of electricity usage, thirty eight percent of carbon dioxide emission and sixty percent of non-industrial waste generation.Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Rating SystemLEED rating system was developed in USA by the US Green Building Council in the year 1998. It provides a set of standards for environmentally sustainable construction of building using a market- ground rating system. This rating system is being fol secondaryed in the US and many other countries for the evaluation of sustainable building. LEED can be defined for new constructions, existing buildings, commercialised buildings and schools. Buildings which have been recognized to be eligible for LEED are offices, retail establishments, institutional buildings and service establishments.LEED rating system provides a variety of benefits and cost nest egg. The benefits include diminution the operating costs, reducing resource utilizations in terms of water and electricity, reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. The other cost savings includes the tax rebates and zone allowances.LEED rating system provides four levels of rating to a building designCertified 26-32 ptsSilver 33-38 ptsGold 39-51 ptsPlatinum 52-69 ptsThe points are obtained by the building through the following design issuesSustainable sites 14 ptsInnovation and design 5 ptsEnergy and atmosphere 17 ptsIndoor quality 15 ptsMaterials and resources 13 ptsWater efficiency 5 ptsGreen Building concept in IndiaIn India, a number of agencies are involved in the Green Building concept execution and monitoring. The major agencies are Bureau of Energy Efficienc y (BEE), Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Indian Green Building Council (IGBC). The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) was established in 1974 and is headquartered at New Delhi. TERI has developed a new rating system for Green Building assessment. This rating system is called Green Rating for Integrated home ground perspicacity (GRIHA). In India, both the LEED and the GRIHA rating systems are followed along with the Energy Conservation Building Code 2007 given by BEE.Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) rating systemGRIHA was developed by TERI and has been adopted by the ministry of new and renewable resources. It takes into account the variations in the climate, architectural practices followed and the practices for construction and also keeps the National Building Code 2005 as well as the Energy Conservation Building Code 2007.GRIHA has been specially created keeping in mind the non-air conditioned and the pa rtly air conditioned buildings. GRIHA provides ratings for institutional, residential and commercial buildings. The emphasis is on the national concerns for environment, the weather and climate conditions, and providing solutions.According to the information collected, the following hypothesis is formulatedH The benefits of Green Building approach are significantly greater than the costs incurred to go greenGreen Building concept and corporate sustainabilityFor corporations, green building concept comes with a bundle of benefits. The benefits includePotentially higher capital value in the future for the buildingRisk of obsolescence decreasesThe demand from institutional investors increases operational costs reduce for the buildingThe attrition for the tenant decreasesThe maintenance cost reducesThe need for refurbishment in the future decreasesGreen Building concept also helps in ensuring that the business stays insulated from any energy price increase in the futureCost and Benefit s of Green BuildingsFigure cite Greening our reinforced world Costs, Benefits and StrategiesThe major barrier found towards Green Building concept, through research conducted, is the widespread scholarship amongst spate that the upfront costs involved in the instruction of a green building are significantly higher than those of conventional buildings. In a survey, by the World Business Council for Sustainable using in the year 2007, it was found that the people perceived the green buildings initial setup costs to be higher than the conventional buildings by 17 percent. This comprehension of the people was found to be wrong.170 buildings were analysed in the research in Greening our built world. The analysis revealed that the green buildings cost, on an average, less than 2 percent more than the conventional buildings, also providing a large range of additional benefits. The same survey, by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, also found that the people perc eive buildings to produce around 20 percent of the carbon dioxide emission. This perception is also wrong since buildings produce around 40 percent of the world CO2 emissions. The architects and the developers interviewed from these 170 buildings gave information on the premium, in terms of cost of turning green.The following figure illustrates the cost premium that is incurred, in green building development according to the levels of certification by LEED rating system. It shows that more than 80 out of the 170 buildings analysed have incurred less than 2 percent premium in sacking green.Figure Source Greening Our Built World Costs, Benefits and StrategiesThe average costs and benefits analysed through the research are also listed in the form of a graph. It provides a comparison of the additional costs incurred by going green in schools and offices, and the simultaneous benefits received. The graph clearly suggests that the benefits far outweigh the costs incurred.Figure Source Greening Our Built World Costs Benefits and StrategiesAnother perception that people have about green buildings is that a green building necessarily has to air conditioned. This perception is also proved wrong by the application of green building concepts to some of the Indian like the Gulbarga and the Hyderabad Institute of Technology and Management. The third delusory perception about green buildings that people have is that green buildings typically take more time to be developed than a conventional building. This perception is also not true. (Urban Sustainability and Green Buildings for the 21st Century, 2009)Hunzinger Construction University CaseHunzinger Construction University achieved Platinum level LEED certification in Green Building concept. It has been able to achieve savings in water, energy and increased usage of green materials.Water efficiency has been achieved through various measures like dual flush water closet, dry urinals and efficient lavatory faucets. These methods have led to a saving of 7700 gallons of water per annum.Energy efficiency was achieved using intelligent lighting systems which could control light speciality and power usage, and work with the day light intensity control. Automatic shut-off systems were also used. Using these techniques, HCU has achieved more than 34 percent reduction in power density, significantly more than the specifications of ANSI.HCU has opted for green power generation like solar panels and wind power, to minimise its power requirements from conventional power sources. The construction material used in the HCU comprised of more than 57 percent of salvaged recycled materials.These practices have led to a decreased operation cost as well as reduced impact on environment. The case has been published in Journal of Green Building, 2008.Woods Hole Research Centre CaseWoods Hole Research Centre (WHRC) is an independent, non-for-profit, nongovernmental organization with core focus on environmental studies, education and creation of new and innovative policies. The research zeal spans 19,300 sq. feet and has been designed with the target of achieving zero net-energy building status. It has been fitted with a solar photovoltaic system on the roof and a wind turbine for electricity generation. The design of building provides natural lighting to reduce energy consumption and also provides for insulation materials which are CFC-free. The HVAC system installed in the complex provides for an energy efficient heating, cooling and ventilation. The target of the photovoltaic system is to provide for 33 percent of the energy requirements of the complex while the rest is provided by the wind powered turbine system. The facility requires a total of 90964 kiloWatt-hour electrical energy, out of which 60720 kiloWatt-hour was provided by utility power system and the remaining 30244 kiloWatt-hour was provided by the Photovoltaic System. The case is an extract from the Journal of Green Building, 200 8.The following figure compares the energy intensity of the Woods Hole Research Centres other facilities, average of US offices and the newly constructed WHRC facility.Figure Source Journal of Green Building, volume 3, 2008Nordheim Court CaseNordheim Court is a student housing facility for University of Washington. It forms a great example of the operational and setup benefits of green building concept with the right choice of strategies. The building has been constructed with a budget of 85 dollars per sq. feet. The energy efficiency of the building far surpasses the Washington State Energy Code standards and the water consumption in the building is less by 30 percent than a conventional building. The construction waste has been diverted to prevent 589 tonnes of landfills. This procedure of waste diversion has also resulted in a saving of 14582 dollars.University of Sunshine playground slide Chancellery CaseUniversity of Sunshine Coast is located in Queensland, Australia. One of the parts of the university called the Chancellery has been designed on green building standards. The total fossil fuel based energy consumption of the building is around 133 kiloWatt-hour per sq. metre which is less than the 152 kiloWatt-hour per sq. metre. The building uses a combined mode of ventilation system which provides natural ventilation as well as fully air conditioned area without any natural ventilation. This helps in reducing the CO2 emissions from the building. The lighting system used in the building also uses natural light and light intensity control systems to provide better energy efficiency to the building. (St. Clair, Peter Hyde, Richard, 2009)Green Building functioning in IndiaName of the ProjectLocationBuilt-up Area (sq ft.)Rating AchievedIncrease in Cost (percent)Payback Period (Years)CII-Sorabji Godrej GBCHyderabad20,000Platinum187ITC Green CentreGurgaon170,000Platinum156WiproGurgaon175,000Platinum85TechnopolisKolkata72,000Gold63Spectral Services Consultan ts OfficeNoida15,000Platinum84HITAMHyderabad78,000Silver23Grundfos PumpChennai40,000Gold63Figure Source CIIAccording to studies, in a project worth 5 zillion dollars, an additional expenditure on green building concept of 100 thousand dollars results in a saving of 1 million dollars over a period of 20 years.One Indiabulls Centre in Lower parel, Mumbai is a fine case of green building initiatives that have been undertaken in India. The material usage in the centre have been through use of fly ash in concrete, recycled metal content in steel used, low VOC content paints, efficient HVAC systems. The centre also includes a sewage treatment plant, solar panels for heating water, water harvesting system as well as a roof top garden.Figure Source Indiabulls Real EstateThe cost benefit analysis from the project of One Indiabulls Centre is given below. The savings resulting from the concept of green building is substantial.Figure Source CII, Indiabulls Real Estate