Write Like a Modernist Essay Example for Free

Write Like a Modernist EssayOver the course of the next several days, you will complete a writing assignment. In the assignment, you will demonstrate your understanding of the tenets of modernist literature by rewriting a romanticist poem in a way that incorporates typically modernist qualities in hurt of language, style, literary elements, and themes. The assignment is broken down into four parts. furcate 1 Choose a amative PoemRomantic literature champions the beauty of the earthly concern and the inherent goodness of human beings, and Romantic verse is highly structured and deeply traditional. Modernism frequently defines itself as a reaction against and a rejection of romanticism. Modernist poets viewed Romantic poetry as a remnant of the nineteenth century. Modernists did not think that writing as the Romantics did in the 1800s could effectively capture their twentieth-century terra firma or their experiences in that world.Begin this assignment by choosing a Romantic po em from the nineteenth century that you intend to rewrite in a way that incorporates typically modernist qualities. You dissolve find numerous examples of nineteenth-century Romantic poetry on pages 83112 of your Journeys anthology. For example, William Wordsworths I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, which appears on pages 9091 of your anthology, is a well-known Romantic poem. Note You may not use this poem in your answer.Part 2 Briefly Explain the Romantic Poem You ChoseIn a single paragraph, describe the Romantic poem that you selected. Focus on the language, style, literary elements, and themes of the work. This step of the process is important because these are the aspects of the work that your modernist rewrite of it will change. Here, as an example, is a brief explanation of Wordsworths I Wandered Lonely as a CloudMost of Wordsworths poem describes how a group of daffodils near a lake looked as they fluttered in the breeze. This poem uses formal language, has a fixed rhyme scheme , and employs an even meter. The speaker is very closely linked to the poet, and uncomplete the voice nor the perspective in the piece ever shifts. The work contains a number of similesone compares the speaker to a lonely cloud, another compares the daffodils to starsand the flowers are personified to practice the descriptions of them more vivid. Thematically speaking, the poem is about how, even long after having seen the flowers, the speaker feels comforted and happy whenever he thinks of their beauty.Part 3 Do a Modernist Rewrite of the Romantic Poem You ChoseBegin your rewrite. To do so, imagine yourself as a poet in the early twentieth century, and imagine your rewrite as an exertion to update the outdated elements of the nineteenth-century work you selected. Remember that modernist poems Capture the cynicism and disappointment many people felt toward outdated nineteenth-century ideas Focus on the complexities of modern life shine up the alienation of the individual in the modern world Break with past literary traditions and styles Employ references to diverse cultures, belief systems, and histories Use experimental language and techniques, such as drawing a distinct line between the poet and the speaker and writing from multiple perspectives and in different voicesYour rewrite must incorporate at least three of the six listed characteristics of modernism. Here is an example of a modernist rewrite of the first stanza of Wordsworths I Wandered Lonely as a CloudPart 4 Briefly Explain Your Modernist RewriteIn a response of at least two paragraphs, provide an explanation of the steps you took to rewrite the Romantic poem you selected. Your explanation should point out at least three typically modernist qualities in your work with regard to elements such as language, style, literary elements, and themes. Here, as an example, is a brief explanation of the modernist rewrite of the first stanza of Wordsworths I Wandered Lonely as a CloudIn the first stanza o f my rewrite, I assay to drastically change the mood of the poem. I did so by first changing the opening simile, linking the speaker (who is most certainly distinct from myself as the poet) to a World War I flying ace looking down on an empty town devastated by war. This image not only when calls to disposition the destruction that people in the early twentieth century witnessed, but also the loneliness felt by the individual when witnessing such devastation. I introduced equivocalness by not identifying the nationality of the pilot to whom the speaker compares himself He may be a man seeing the destruction of his own town, or he may be one of the men who brought destruction on the town during battle.Then I decided to change the daffodilsa symbol of the beauty of the natural world in Wordsworths poemto a crumbling building on an abandoned and ugly street. I thought these images helped convey a sense of loss. I utilise the word crumblecrackingan invented termto call to mind how t he broken bricks of the building look. This type of experimentation with language is typical of modernist poetry. Finally, I used the word forsaken not only because it suggests abandonment, but also because it calls to mind the last words of Jesus on the cross. This allusion then quickly blends into the reference to a mythological figure, Tefnut, the Egyptian goddess of rain and fertility. This allusion hints at the possibility of remaking a new world out of the fragments of the old, yet the sagging hospital attests to how hard such a restoration would be. Thematically, I was attempt to depict the loneliness and the alienation of the speaker in this decrepit world.

Counselling and Psychotherapy Essay Example for Free

Counselling and Psychotherapy EssayCarl Ransom Rogers (1902 1987) was amongst the most influential figures of humanistic psychology, a school of psychotherapy that rejected medical and psychoanalytic models of treatment, and instead put forth a theory of soulfulnessality and behaviour that presumed the source of mental health ultimately resides in the individual person sooner than in a programme base on the expert knowledge and authority of a psychiatric professional. Rogers specific form of humanistic psychology is broadly based on his attitude of human personality, which he believed natur every last(predicate)y tended to develop in what he considered a healthy manner unless it is adversely influenced by life-experiences. From this theoretical basis, Rogers created a form of therapy that he called leaf node-centred, (or person-centred) as opposed to forms of treatment that argon directed by the expertise of the healer.In the field of Counselling and Psychotherapy there atomic number 18 many differing theories which argon used to help those who seek counselling, including node-centred therapy. In many parts of the world client-centred therapy is seen as a family of therapies, including Experiential Psychotherapy and Focusing. Closely associated with client-centred therapy are existential therapy and respective(a) integrative approaches. Since Carl Rogers death, there has been much debate regarding what idler and can non rightly claim to be called client-centred therapy. Proponents of the differing Tribes argue for their schools of thought. (Warner 2006).At the heart of all the differing thoughts and modes of preservation are the six conditions for redress change which Rogers described as being needed before a client could move towards the changes that they wanted to make in their lives. Carl Rogers, along with Abraham Maslow, was the founder of the humanist approach to clinical psychology. Maslow was known as the Third Force in Psychology b esides is mainly known for his thoughts on self- actualization. Prior to Maslow it was thought that human behaviour was just a set of behaviours to satiate the drive for deficits. For example the lack of nutrients timbre hungry seek sustenance and eat model. Maslow proposed a wide range of human needs in a dynamic and changing system, where needs at higher levels would nevertheless be addressed when needs at visit levels had been satisfied (see Fig 1)Rogers person-centred theory emphasised the concept of self-actualization which implies that there is an internal, biological force to develop ones capacities and talents to the fullest. The human beingnesss central motivation is to learn and to grow. Growth occurs when individuals confront problems, strive to master them and, through experience, endeavour to develop new aspects of their skills, capacities, and views about life, and move onwards towards the goal of self-actualization.By way of example, Rogers (1980) often illus trated the concept with reference to organisms in the natural world. He wrote about a potato in the root basement of his boyhood homeThe actualizing inclination of an orbit can, of course, be thwarted or warped, however it cannot be destroyed without destroying the organism. I remember that in my boyhood home, the bin in which we stored our winters supply of potatoes was in the basement, several feet below a small window. The conditions were unfavourable, that the potatoes would begin to sprout pale white sprouts, so un the like the healthy honey oil shoots they sent up when planted in the soil in the spring. But these sad, spindly sprouts would grow two or three feet in length as they reached toward the distant light of the window. The sprouts were, in their bizarre, futile growth, a sort of desperate expression of the directional tendency I have been describing. They would neer become plants, never mature, never fulfill their real potential. But under the most adverse circum stances, they were striving to become. Life would not give up, heretofore if it could not flourish.So it can be seen that Rogers was saying that this useful and strong constructive tendency is the underlying basis of the client-centred approach. Rogers groundbreaking cause was that for a person to be truly helped, the outstanding healing factor is the relationship itself. His view of human behaviour is that it is exquisitely rational Rogers (1961). Furthermore, in his opinion The core of mans nature is essentially imperative Rogers (1961), and he is a trustworthy organism Rogers (1977). Rogers focused on ways in which the therapist could promote certain core conditions between him/herself and the client.Central to his theory was that the actualizing tendency was a natural process, yet in order for each human organism to do so it required the nurturing of a caregiver. Rogers understood that inherently community need mess, and that we are fundamentally dependent on others for o ur being. Many critics of the theory have misunderstood Rogers concepts and commented that this is outmoded today, and, according to Bohart (2007) the critics were saying that it glorifies the individual at the expense of others. Wilkins (2003) argued that Rogers concept of self-actualization is culturally biased, reflecting a Western cultural emphasis on the separate, autonomous individualistic self. However, Bohart states that Rogers concept of self as culture-specific is compatible with cultures which view the self in relational rather than individualistic terms, even cultures that have no concept of self.Self-actualization means enhancing or actualizing the self as the self is define for that person and culture. Rogers did believe that the tendency of actualization of a person in therapy was to always go in a positive pro- genial direction, but critics state that it may lead to self-centred, narcissistic behaviour (Bozarth and Brodley, 1991). Rogers recognised that environment al and social factors could inhibit or distort the process of actualization so that a negative rather than positive outcome may occur, but also that the fully functioning person is soundly and realistically social (Rogers 1961). Rogers postulated that therapeutical movement will only occur if, and only if, the six conditions for therapeutic change were in place between the therapist and the client.1. The first condition of client-centred therapy is that therapist and client should be in psychological contact. The first condition specifies that a minimum relationship must exist. Rogers (1957) stated I am hypothesizing that significant positive personality change does not occur except in a relationship.(Sanders 2006) The relationship is not seen as a third object in the room with the counsellor and the client, but is the client and the counsellor. They bring themselves into the room, and in doing so a unique and ever-changing relationship is the result.Research into contact between a nimals and people who live in social groups has shown that in order to grow and become confident then it must be in a psychologically interactive way. Those who were deprived of such conditions, like the children in the orphanages of Romania and the monkeys in Harlows experiments, grew up with permanent behavioural and emotional problems. (Harlow 1959, Carlson 1999, Bowlby, 1953, Warner 2002).Rogers thought that psychological contact was an all-or-nothing, one-off event, but others like Rose Cameron (2003) and Whelton and Greenberg (2002) see psychological contact as a variable and dynamic quality in relationships, and Margaret Warner (200279) says that the contact can be viewed as a continuum.In my opinion, despite the differing views of the various Tribes, the one over-riding view is that psychological contact is essential if the therapeutic process is going to work. It can simply be the mere recognition of the other person in the room, or a deeply-shared experience between the th erapist and the client.2. Client incongruence, a state of being vulnerable and anxious, is presented as the second of the six conditions which Rogers delimit as a discrepancy between the actual experience of the organism and the self-picture of the individuals experience insofar as it represents that experience (Rogers 1957), and which he apothegm as being necessary for therapy to be successful.Pearson (1974) thought that this condition had created any(prenominal) confusion, since the relationship between incongruence and felt anxiety or vulnerability is complex. All people are incongruent to some degree all of the time (since human beings can never fully symbolize their experience), and some sorts of incongruence may actually lower anxiety. Rogers concept of incongruence was simply saying that clients sense that they have underlying issues that have distorted their sense of equilibrium and therefore are motivated to seek counselling.I believe that this second condition affects h ow clients will respond to counselling because the change that needs to happen has to come from within the client and cannot happen against their will. For example, if someone is referred by a doctor, or school, or made to attend counselling with a spouse or parent, then the client will be in a state of incongruence and the first condition will not institute place, without which there is no therapeutic relationship.3. The third core condition is that the second person, the therapist, is congruent in the relationship. By congruent Rogers understood it to be real, true(a) and transparent. As early as 1946 he wrote about the fact that the therapist should have a genuine interest in the client. Rogers makes it very clear in a video on the internet where he is talking about what it means to be congruent when he saysCan I be real in the relationship this has come to have an increasing amount of importance to me over the years. I feel that genuineness is another way of describing the qua lity I would like to have. I like the term congruence, by which I mean that what I am experiencing inside is present in my awareness and comes out though my communication. In a sense when I have this quality I am all in one piece in the relationship. There is another word that describes it for me I feel that in the relationship I would like to have transparency. I would be quite willing for my client to see all the way through me and that there would be nothing hidden, and when Im real in this fashion that Im trying to describe, I know that my own feelings will often bubble up into awareness and will be expressed, but be expressed in ways that wont impose themselves on my client. (You Tube 2010).Despite Rogers insistence that being congruent with clients is of paramount importance, a number of studies over the years have shown that no significant relationship exists between levels of congruence and outcomes in the therapeutic relationship (Klein et al 2002, Orlinsky et al 2004, Burc kell and Goldried 2006, Feifel and Eells, 1963). In contrast Cooper (2008) has suggested that this may be because it is a high frequency event in therapy and therefore the correlation between genuineness and outcome are not truly recognised.Without an empathetic response from the therapist I believe that the client would not feel valued or understood and the therapeutic relationship would break down.4. In the development of self-concept Rogers also stated that the fourth condition unconditional positive regard the complete acceptance and support for a person no matter what they say or do is necessary for self-actualization. By showing unconditional positive regard, or prizing, clients are said to feel valued and so accepted and take responsibility for themselves (Rogers 195798).Conversely, I believe self-actualization is thwarted by conditional positive regard when acceptance is dependent on the positive or negative evaluation of a persons actions. Those raised in an environment of conditional positive regard, Rogers felt, only feel worthy if they match conditions rigid down by others conditions of worth which, in turn, can lead to shaping themselves determined not by their organismic valuing or actualizing tendency, but by a society that may or may not truly have their best interests at heart.5. The fifth core concept states that the counsellor should experience an empathetic understanding of the clients internal frame of reference. Each of us perceives and responds to our environments as a unified and organised whole, and each forms their unique frame of reference. Our understanding of the world is shaped through our experiences, and each time these are interpreted on the basis of our personal value system. In order for a therapist to understand a clients behaviour it should be from the internal frame of reference of the client.Empathy is not just listening but trying to feel the experiences and feelings that the other person has at that moment in time . It involves stepping into their shoes and laying aside ones own perceptions, values, perspectives and meanings as far as possible. If the therapist set abouts to understand the client on the basis of his/her own personal experiences, this would be an external frame of reference. When the therapist remains within the clients frame of reference, which is his/her own understanding of the world, it enhances empathy and promotes unconditional positive regard.Holding an external frame of reference might convey to the client that the therapist has their own agenda or is criticising the client. The question is, would the therapeutic process take place if the counsellor did not enter the clients world so personally? From the large number of studies that have been carried out in an attempt to measure clients reaction to the therapists empathy, the evidence shows it to be a demonstrably effective element of the therapeutic relationship (Steering Committee, 2002).6. The 6th and final condit ion client perception is as important as all the others, and is complementary to the idea that the first condition psychological contact is continued. Rogers (1959213) wrote that the client perceives, at least to a minimal degree, conditions 4 and 5 the unconditional positive regard of the therapist for the client and the empathetic understanding of the therapist. To some degree client perception has been ignored over the years. Tudor in 2000 referred to it as the lost condition. Sanders (2004) states that Carl Rogers made it clear that the client was the centre of the therapeutic process, and furthermore it was the client who had the final say as to whether the therapist-provided conditions were actually provided (as opposed to being assumed by the therapist).Dagmar Pescitelli (1996) argues that the theory of client-centred therapy may not be effective for severe psychopathologies such as schizophrenia (deemed to have a strong biological component) or other disorders such as phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or even severe depression (currently effectively treated with drugs and cognitive behavioural therapy, or CBT). Pescitelli (1996) cites one meta-analysis of psychotherapy effectiveness that looked at 400 studies, and person-centred therapy was found least effective. In fact, it was no more effective than the placebo condition (Glass 1983 cited in Krebs Blackman, 1988).In contrast, meta-analyses of client-centred therapy as a whole support the theory that it is an efficacious and effective form of therapy, no matter what Tribe. It is similar to other orientations such as CBT and psychodynamic therapy, with evidence indicating that all schools may be efficacious for clients with depressive, traumatic, schizophrenic and health related problems, but there is less evidence on the impact of anxiety disorders (Elliott, Greenberg et al., 2004).

The Objective Of Green Building Concept Environmental Sciences Essay

The Objective Of squirt Building Concept Environmental Sciences EssayBuildings, as offices, argon responsible for around forty portion of the expenses borne by the business in operations. It is estimated that by the year 2050, the residential and office constructions will consume thirty cardinal shareage of the total global brawn and will release three thousand eight hundred mega tonnes of carbon into the atmosphere. Green Building is a technique of constructing buildings using processes and materials which are environment friendly and dynamism efficient at the same time.Buildings require standard pressure, weewee, energy and space for its occupants. These are provided by governances in positioning like the ventilation system, the water supply system and the electricity supply system. The materials which are utilisationd in the saying of the building also produce environmental impact like carbon footprint, pollution through wastes and slurry, and the role of water an d power. Buildings are one of the study sources of pollution that ca utilization air pollution and are responsible for climate change.The objective of honey oil building thought is to develop buildings which use the natural resources to the minimal at the time of construction as surface as operation. Green buildings emphasize on the resource usage efficiency and also press upon the three Rs Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.The technique of green building maximizes the use of efficient construction materials and practices boosts the use of natural sources and sinks in the buildings surroundings minimizes the energy usage to run itself uses highly dependable equipment for the indoor line of business uses highly proficient methods for water and waste management. The indoor equipment includes lighting, air-conditioning and all other needed equipment.Green Building is a team effort and the visualizeing and construction include consultants from architecture and landscaping, air conditi oning, plumbing, energy and electrical areas. These consultants have to assess the impact of the each and every design on the environment, keeping in mind the cost involved. The last-place design needs to be feasible and should minimize the negative impacts that the building would have on the environment.Implementation of the green building design can go across to a reduction of carbon sacking by thirty five part, water usage by forty percent, solid waste reduction by seventy percent and reduction in energy consumption by fifty percent. Green Building concept also emphasizes on the fact that an area with high biodiversity should be avoided as a site for the construction of a building.To ensure minimum negative impact on the environment by the construction and operation of a building, the factors which are to be kept in mind are to preserve the external environment to the building location to improve the intimate area for the residents of the building and also preserve the are as which are not close to the building.Saving EnergyEnergy saving through green building concept occurs in two ways. First is reduction in the amount of energy that is consumed in lighting, air conditioning and other building operations. Second is the usage of energy sources which do not produce any greenhouse gases and are renewable in nature. Green Buildings emphasize more on natural lighting and concepts of temperature realise and efficient design to further reduce the carbon footprint as well as reduce cost of operation.Saving waterGreen Buildings use various methods to reduce water usage, treat and reuse waste water and filter water from sourced from precipitation. The target is to be able to obtain zero water table negative impact from the green building.Reducing WasteWaste reduction is one of the most important issues that are to be dealt with. In the US alone, the waste from construction and demolition of buildings accounts for sixty percent of the total non-industrial was te. Green Building concept emphasizes on improving the design of the product, re-using and recycling materials. It results in horrific waste reduction and also encourages to reduce the environmental impact of the building.Improving Health and ProductivityHygiene and proper conditions inside the building also help in boosting human productivity. Hence various businesses concentrate on this aspect. Green Building concept provides for cleanliness and sound working conditions for employees and other inhabitants.Green Building concept in regular armyGreen building markets in the United States of America (USA), account for five to ten percent of the total building market. The largest organisation for green building in USA is the US Green Building Council (USGBC). It has over twelve thousand member organizations and is around a financial value of over twelve billion dollars. Some of the military rank systems that have been developed for green building concept are Leadership in Energy and Environmental designing (LEED), Green Globes, Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA), matter Association of Home Builders (NAHB), International Codes Council and American National Standards Institute.In USA, the existing buildings are accounting for forty percent of total energy consumption, twelve percent of total water usage, sixty eight percent of electricity usage, thirty eight percent of carbon dioxide emission and sixty percent of non-industrial waste generation.Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Rating SystemLEED rating system was developed in USA by the US Green Building Council in the year 1998. It provides a set of standards for environmentally sustainable construction of building using a market- ground rating system. This rating system is being fol secondaryed in the US and many other countries for the evaluation of sustainable building. LEED can be defined for new constructions, existing buildings, commercialised buildings and schools. Buildings which have been recognized to be eligible for LEED are offices, retail establishments, institutional buildings and service establishments.LEED rating system provides a variety of benefits and cost nest egg. The benefits include diminution the operating costs, reducing resource utilizations in terms of water and electricity, reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. The other cost savings includes the tax rebates and zone allowances.LEED rating system provides four levels of rating to a building designCertified 26-32 ptsSilver 33-38 ptsGold 39-51 ptsPlatinum 52-69 ptsThe points are obtained by the building through the following design issuesSustainable sites 14 ptsInnovation and design 5 ptsEnergy and atmosphere 17 ptsIndoor quality 15 ptsMaterials and resources 13 ptsWater efficiency 5 ptsGreen Building concept in IndiaIn India, a number of agencies are involved in the Green Building concept execution and monitoring. The major agencies are Bureau of Energy Efficienc y (BEE), Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Indian Green Building Council (IGBC). The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) was established in 1974 and is headquartered at New Delhi. TERI has developed a new rating system for Green Building assessment. This rating system is called Green Rating for Integrated home ground perspicacity (GRIHA). In India, both the LEED and the GRIHA rating systems are followed along with the Energy Conservation Building Code 2007 given by BEE.Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) rating systemGRIHA was developed by TERI and has been adopted by the ministry of new and renewable resources. It takes into account the variations in the climate, architectural practices followed and the practices for construction and also keeps the National Building Code 2005 as well as the Energy Conservation Building Code 2007.GRIHA has been specially created keeping in mind the non-air conditioned and the pa rtly air conditioned buildings. GRIHA provides ratings for institutional, residential and commercial buildings. The emphasis is on the national concerns for environment, the weather and climate conditions, and providing solutions.According to the information collected, the following hypothesis is formulatedH The benefits of Green Building approach are significantly greater than the costs incurred to go greenGreen Building concept and corporate sustainabilityFor corporations, green building concept comes with a bundle of benefits. The benefits includePotentially higher capital value in the future for the buildingRisk of obsolescence decreasesThe demand from institutional investors increases operational costs reduce for the buildingThe attrition for the tenant decreasesThe maintenance cost reducesThe need for refurbishment in the future decreasesGreen Building concept also helps in ensuring that the business stays insulated from any energy price increase in the futureCost and Benefit s of Green BuildingsFigure cite Greening our reinforced world Costs, Benefits and StrategiesThe major barrier found towards Green Building concept, through research conducted, is the widespread scholarship amongst spate that the upfront costs involved in the instruction of a green building are significantly higher than those of conventional buildings. In a survey, by the World Business Council for Sustainable using in the year 2007, it was found that the people perceived the green buildings initial setup costs to be higher than the conventional buildings by 17 percent. This comprehension of the people was found to be wrong.170 buildings were analysed in the research in Greening our built world. The analysis revealed that the green buildings cost, on an average, less than 2 percent more than the conventional buildings, also providing a large range of additional benefits. The same survey, by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, also found that the people perc eive buildings to produce around 20 percent of the carbon dioxide emission. This perception is also wrong since buildings produce around 40 percent of the world CO2 emissions. The architects and the developers interviewed from these 170 buildings gave information on the premium, in terms of cost of turning green.The following figure illustrates the cost premium that is incurred, in green building development according to the levels of certification by LEED rating system. It shows that more than 80 out of the 170 buildings analysed have incurred less than 2 percent premium in sacking green.Figure Source Greening Our Built World Costs, Benefits and StrategiesThe average costs and benefits analysed through the research are also listed in the form of a graph. It provides a comparison of the additional costs incurred by going green in schools and offices, and the simultaneous benefits received. The graph clearly suggests that the benefits far outweigh the costs incurred.Figure Source Greening Our Built World Costs Benefits and StrategiesAnother perception that people have about green buildings is that a green building necessarily has to air conditioned. This perception is also proved wrong by the application of green building concepts to some of the Indian like the Gulbarga and the Hyderabad Institute of Technology and Management. The third delusory perception about green buildings that people have is that green buildings typically take more time to be developed than a conventional building. This perception is also not true. (Urban Sustainability and Green Buildings for the 21st Century, 2009)Hunzinger Construction University CaseHunzinger Construction University achieved Platinum level LEED certification in Green Building concept. It has been able to achieve savings in water, energy and increased usage of green materials.Water efficiency has been achieved through various measures like dual flush water closet, dry urinals and efficient lavatory faucets. These methods have led to a saving of 7700 gallons of water per annum.Energy efficiency was achieved using intelligent lighting systems which could control light speciality and power usage, and work with the day light intensity control. Automatic shut-off systems were also used. Using these techniques, HCU has achieved more than 34 percent reduction in power density, significantly more than the specifications of ANSI.HCU has opted for green power generation like solar panels and wind power, to minimise its power requirements from conventional power sources. The construction material used in the HCU comprised of more than 57 percent of salvaged recycled materials.These practices have led to a decreased operation cost as well as reduced impact on environment. The case has been published in Journal of Green Building, 2008.Woods Hole Research Centre CaseWoods Hole Research Centre (WHRC) is an independent, non-for-profit, nongovernmental organization with core focus on environmental studies, education and creation of new and innovative policies. The research zeal spans 19,300 sq. feet and has been designed with the target of achieving zero net-energy building status. It has been fitted with a solar photovoltaic system on the roof and a wind turbine for electricity generation. The design of building provides natural lighting to reduce energy consumption and also provides for insulation materials which are CFC-free. The HVAC system installed in the complex provides for an energy efficient heating, cooling and ventilation. The target of the photovoltaic system is to provide for 33 percent of the energy requirements of the complex while the rest is provided by the wind powered turbine system. The facility requires a total of 90964 kiloWatt-hour electrical energy, out of which 60720 kiloWatt-hour was provided by utility power system and the remaining 30244 kiloWatt-hour was provided by the Photovoltaic System. The case is an extract from the Journal of Green Building, 200 8.The following figure compares the energy intensity of the Woods Hole Research Centres other facilities, average of US offices and the newly constructed WHRC facility.Figure Source Journal of Green Building, volume 3, 2008Nordheim Court CaseNordheim Court is a student housing facility for University of Washington. It forms a great example of the operational and setup benefits of green building concept with the right choice of strategies. The building has been constructed with a budget of 85 dollars per sq. feet. The energy efficiency of the building far surpasses the Washington State Energy Code standards and the water consumption in the building is less by 30 percent than a conventional building. The construction waste has been diverted to prevent 589 tonnes of landfills. This procedure of waste diversion has also resulted in a saving of 14582 dollars.University of Sunshine playground slide Chancellery CaseUniversity of Sunshine Coast is located in Queensland, Australia. One of the parts of the university called the Chancellery has been designed on green building standards. The total fossil fuel based energy consumption of the building is around 133 kiloWatt-hour per sq. metre which is less than the 152 kiloWatt-hour per sq. metre. The building uses a combined mode of ventilation system which provides natural ventilation as well as fully air conditioned area without any natural ventilation. This helps in reducing the CO2 emissions from the building. The lighting system used in the building also uses natural light and light intensity control systems to provide better energy efficiency to the building. (St. Clair, Peter Hyde, Richard, 2009)Green Building functioning in IndiaName of the ProjectLocationBuilt-up Area (sq ft.)Rating AchievedIncrease in Cost (percent)Payback Period (Years)CII-Sorabji Godrej GBCHyderabad20,000Platinum187ITC Green CentreGurgaon170,000Platinum156WiproGurgaon175,000Platinum85TechnopolisKolkata72,000Gold63Spectral Services Consultan ts OfficeNoida15,000Platinum84HITAMHyderabad78,000Silver23Grundfos PumpChennai40,000Gold63Figure Source CIIAccording to studies, in a project worth 5 zillion dollars, an additional expenditure on green building concept of 100 thousand dollars results in a saving of 1 million dollars over a period of 20 years.One Indiabulls Centre in Lower parel, Mumbai is a fine case of green building initiatives that have been undertaken in India. The material usage in the centre have been through use of fly ash in concrete, recycled metal content in steel used, low VOC content paints, efficient HVAC systems. The centre also includes a sewage treatment plant, solar panels for heating water, water harvesting system as well as a roof top garden.Figure Source Indiabulls Real EstateThe cost benefit analysis from the project of One Indiabulls Centre is given below. The savings resulting from the concept of green building is substantial.Figure Source CII, Indiabulls Real Estate

Sustainable Construction in SMEs | Research Proposal

Sustainable Construction in SMEs look for ProposalIntroductionThe face industry is a significantly classic sector in the UK and has profound economical, social and environmental impacts. The UK complex body part industry contributes 10% of UK GDP and provides enlistments to 1.5 million people. Unfortunately, the environmental impacts caused by the manifestation activities are solemn annually 70 million tones of waste are produced and 50% of all energy generated is used by the industry (Addis, B Talbot, R, 200121).Worldwide, there has been a development concern on the environmental impacts caused by the construction industry. Since the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, Sustainability and Sustainable Development have captured the attention of all the industries in the world especially the construction industry. As a result of this concern, the concept of Sustainable Construction emerged. It is proposed that sustainable construction is the way forward to improve the exec ution of the construction industry, making it more sustainable, and subsequently helps to minimise the environmental impacts caused by its activities.The development and progress of sustainable construction in the UK is improving, although it lags behind other countries in Europe. Within the construction industry itself, there is a gap of performance and progress between large construction companies (LE) and small construction companies (SME) in implementing sustainable construction. Interestingly, much of the available literature on the UK sustainable construction focuses more on the large companies, while studies on small construction companies are stillness under researched.Thus, this research aims to investigate to actual level of understanding and implementation of sustainable construction among construction SMEs, with further intention to identify the barriers to these companies in implementing sustainable construction practices. It is impossible to conduct this research based on all disciplines within the construction team hence, a reaching is determined. The research focuses only on contractors firms which fall under the category of SMEs (general contractors with less than 50 employees) and therefore, the scope of the construction phase is limited to the production or on-site activities.Justification/Rational of the ResearchThe contribution of small companies towards any changes and innovations proposed by the construction industry is very significant. This is because the largest part of the construction industry is made up of small firms. In 2004, department of Trade and Industry (DTI) has registered more than 170,000 private construction contractors working in the UK and 93% of these companies employed less than 8 people (DTI, 2004). Interestingly, previous studies on construction innovations and initiatives by the construction SMEs indicate that this group is often ignored and hence, they are under-performed compared to large construction companie s (Sexton, M.G. Barrett, P.S., 2003a).With regards to sustainable construction in the UK, there as been a rapid development since the publications of the Egan Report (1998) and Building A Better Quality of Life (2000), which promote and encourage sustainable construction practices. Despite the rapid development, in the construction industry.take up of sustainability principles varies significantly, with some leading firms following recognised practice, but others still making little effort. (Environment Agency, 2006)There are continuing problems, arrive at small and medium sized enterprises, and the entirely of supply chains.The author is intrigued by this matter which seems to suggest that the construction SMEs is lagging behind in implementing sustainable construction practices when compared to large construction companies. Consequently, the question arises as to what are the barriers to the construction SMEs in implementing sustainable construction?At present, it is widely felt that investigate into barriers faced by construction SMEs in implementing sustainable construction is under researched. Therefore, the author would like to undertake a research on this area in order to research the level of understanding and implementation of sustainable construction SMEs, and consequently identify the barriers involved. It is hoped that the finding, from this research will help the construction industry to encourage more construction SMEs to implement sustainable construction principles and techniques, as recommended by the UK Government in Building a Better Quality of Life.The scope of the research is limited to contractors companies that employ less than 50 people. The area of research investigation is also limited to the activities on construction site, or known as the production phase.The diagram at a lower place demonstrates the deductive approach taken for this research in order to narrow down the research area to specific issues and activities during cons truction site operation. Eventually, the research scope will be limited to five making practices in implementing environmental sustainable construction, which include waste management, energy efficiency, water conservation materials efficiency and egis of biodiversity.

Role of Clinical Psychologists in Valuing People

Role of Clinical Psychologists in Valuing PeopleWhat role should clinical psychologists play in implementing the recommendation of Valuing People?Clinical psychologists, in global, ladder in various settings diagnosing, through assessment and treating mental wellness dis pronounces. In 2001 the Valuing people check started as a governmental initiative and strategy with effronteryed performance indicators in order to address the needs of people with erudition disabilities by improving the quality of their lives and that of their families and c bers. According to the (2001) white paper on valuing people, although it is strong to provide accurate statistics on the number of people with learning disabilities in England, in 1999 it was estimated that about 210,000 people have severe and profound learning disabilities and 1.2 one million million million people have mild / moderate learning disabilities. Further, amongst the 210,000 people with severe and profound learning disabili ties the majority (i.e. 120,000) is acting age adults 65,000 are youth and 25,000 are elderly people (available on www.archive.official enumerations.co.uk/document/cm50/5086/5086.pdf). Clinical psychologists are mentioned in this white paper alongside other learning hindrance specialists engaged with the view towards improving the health of people with learning disabilities. This essay focuses on the roles of clinical psychologists in terms of acheiving the following project objectives (1) incapacitate children and young people (2) conversion into adult life (3) more choice and control (4) realiseing carers and (5) good health.These five objectives contribute to the overall aims of valuing people to protect the rights of those with learning difficulties as citizens, to moderate their full inclusion in their local communities, to expand the range of life-options available and to increase their independence. Children and people with severe learning disabilities might be unable to happen upon complicated internal feelings and a diagnosis fag end only be reached by behavioural observation and functional analysis, which the clinical psychologist can provide. In general there is a high rate of behavioural problems among people with a learning impediment (Debb et al., 2001). Emerson (1995) postulates that between 30%-50% of people with a learning disability tend to demonstrate a variety of gainsay behaviours. Nevertheless, challenging behaviour is not a formal psychiatric diagnosis, but rather a handsome social construction (Emerson, 1998). It can, however, be taken as a sign of a mental illness or it can mask it. Clinical psychologists can assess challenging behaviours, understand their causes and then offer appropriate interventions (including the services of other health care specialists such as social workers) in order to eliminate them.In terms of the first objective about disabled people and young adults, clinical psychologists play a key role in id entifying and accurately diagnosing their disability. A person with a learning disability is from early years likely to experience stressful and adverse life events that testament create vulnerability for mental health problems (Bouras et al., 2000). That is so because in addition to cognitive problems and psychosocial stressors, genetic and biochemical factors tend to increase the probability for both challenging behaviour and mental illness (Bouras et al., 2000). The possible combination of these factors can make assessments and diagnosis extremely difficult. Correct diagnosis of disability is crucial for providing appropriate health and social care to the person with disability while clinical psychologists work in a multi-disciplinary team of learning disability specialists who inform both the disabled person and their family about all support services available to them.Clinical psychologists are important in monitoring the progress that young people with disability make, when r eceiving health treatment alongside suitable family support services, in order to modify their treatment and the provision of support services to address any changes in their needs. This implies that clinical psychologists need to assess regularly the quality of health care these people receive and to ensure that disabled children and young people are getting appropriate health care in order that they are and feel include in education, family life and their local club.In the second objective of renewing into adult life again clinical psychologists have a key role working in multidisciplinary teams of learning disability specialists (e.g. in settings such as the Connexions partnership) towards providing appropriate and continuous health and social care support to young people, who are becoming adults, and their families in order that adults with disability can be included in education, training, employment and their local community. Clinical psychologists can help young people wit h disability to understand their growth into adulthood and its psychological and practical implications. In this it is useful having consistency in attending the same person with disability from their youth into adulthood because then the disabled person will tend to trust more the clinical psychologist and his interventions.The development of young people with disability into adults is associated with the third objective of the valuing people project which is about providing more choice and control. Mental health problems can be a major factor in limiting not only quality of life but also successful community interaction and adaptation (Reiss, 1994). There is a general consensus regarding the prevalence of mental disorder in adults with a learning disability (Turner Moss, 1996). A review of germane(predicate) research revealed a prevalence range of mental disorder in adults with a learning disability from 14.3 % to 67.3 % (Campell Malone, 1991). Clinical psychologists with their person-centred approach have a important contribution to make in enriching the choices disabled people have through involving these people in the planning of suitable services for them and increasing public cognizance of what these people can do and their rights in our society.In addition, clinical psychologists are significant contributors in the achievement of objectives (4) supporting carers and (5) good health because of their knowledge, skills and experience as health care specialists they can assess the needs of carers providing appropriate solutions to support them and their disabled people to access good health care services irrespective of their ethnic background. Therefore, clinical psychologists should work to reduce health care inequalities and increase access for all carers and disabled people to health care. Moreover, clinical psychologists have to support and encourage the development of NHSs services and provisions of specialist learning disability services that a ddress holistically the needs of disabled people through the work of multi-disciplinary teams of disability specialists.To summarise, clinical psychologists can play several and important roles in implementing the recommendations of the valuing people project, especially in order to achieve its first five project objectives. Furthermore, in collaboration with other professionals in multidisciplinary teams of disability specialists clinical psychologists need to get involved in more proactive work. Having knowledge of human development, learning theories and aetiology of mental health illnesses clinical psychologist could play also an important role in preventive work on individual basis as well as in service development suitable for proactive adaptation and assimilation of people with disabilities in education, employment, their community and in the society.ReferencesCampbell, M., Malone, R.P. (1991). Mental retardation and psychiatric disorders. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 42, 4.Department of Health. (2000). Valuing People a new strategy for learning disability for the 21st century. (Retrieved 05/11/06 and it is available on www.archive.officialdocuments.co.uk/document/cm50/5086/5086.pdf).Emerson, E., Moss, S. C. Kiernan, C. K. (2000). The relationship between challenging behaviour and psychiatric disorders in people with severe intellectual disabilities. In Psychiatric and Behavioural Disorders in Mental clumsiness (ed. N. Bouras), 38-48. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.Emerson, E. (1995). Challenging behaviour analysis and intervention in people with learning disabilities. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.Emerson, E. (1998). Clinical psychology and people with intellectual disabilities. London Wiley Sons.Thomas, D. M. Bright, C. (2001). Mental disorder in adults with intellectual disability. The Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 25, Part 6, 506-514.Turner, S. Moss, S. (1996). The health needs of adults with learning disabili ties and the Health of the Nation strategy. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 40,438-450.

Portrayal of Masculinity in Art Essay -- Essays Papers

Portrayal of Masculinity in ArtAccording to some(prenominal) versions of the Webster dictionaries, the word masculinity refers to the characteristics of being masculine, manly, male stereotypes, having or occurring in a stressed final syllable , having the final chord occurring on a strong suppress , of or forming the formal, active, or generative principle of the cosmos. The word masculinity overall reflects the stereotype of men being a strong force, in music chords or in general. Looking into Brett Eberhardts draft, Introduction, the thought of sexuality barely crossed my mind. After talking to Mr. Eberhardt about his choice to draw a self-portrait, he stated that he wanted to depict a human, male or female. It just so happens that he draws himself best. Eberhardts drawing is nostalgic in the mental picture of curiosity. The suggestion of curiosity plays with many topics that range from childish curiosity to sexual curiosity. So I wondered how his piece might be conside red a masculine drawing and how masculinity has been portrayed...

The Anatomy and Physiology of Lipids Essay -- Anatomy Physiology Lipid

The Anatomy and Physiology of LipidsAbstractWhen you get up each(prenominal) morning and look out(a)side your window looking out at the beautifulplants and adorable little animals, have you ever wondered what makes all living things? Lipids arwhat help create all the living things we see everyday. Lipids are found in all membranes, mainlyplasma membranes, meaning animals and plants contain lipides. In this paper I will display andexplain the formation of micelles and bi-layers from lipid amphiphilicity. A variety of books wereused to study different types of lipids the three major components, glycerophospholipids,sphingolipids, and sterols, and their affects in the cellular and multicultural systems.3Lipids are structural components found in living cells that are either soluble in organicsolvents or insoluble in water.1 These lipid membranes are demonstrated in Singer and Nicolsons1972 fluid mosaic model. Lipids are commonly recognized as fats, oils, wax, etc. There are threemajor different types of lipids that exist glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterols.2Within each type there are a variety of subtypes.Glycerophospholipids are commonly referred to as plain phospholipids. Within itself itcontains three components. First it is constructed with a phosphorylated head group, hence a threecarbon glycerol backbone, and finally a two hydrocarbon fatty acid chains. The phosphorylatedhead group is attached to one of the glycerol hydroxyls with increment to the two hydrocarbon fattyacid chains bonded to the other two glycerol hydroxyls.3 The purpose for glycerophospholipids isto construct and or maintain the cell membrane. In a microscopical view of the cell membrane we canobserve that the glyceropho... ...Guardiola, Francesc, ed. Cholesterol and Phytosterol Oxidation Products Analysis, Occurrence,and Biological Effects. New York AOCS P, 2002.Hooper, Nigel, and David Hames. Instant Notes in Biochemistry. New York Taylor & FrancisGroup, 2005.Kreuzer, F. and J.F.G. Slegers. Biomembranes Vol. 3 Passive permeableness of Cell Membranes.New York Plenum Press, 1972.Lipid bilayer. Wikipedia. 24 July 2008 .Micelle. Wikipedia. 26 July 2008 .Mukherjee, Kumar D. CRC Handbook of Chromotography Vol. 3 Analysis of Lipidsseries.New York CRC P, 1993.Perkins, Edward G. Analyses if Fats, Oils and Lipoproteins. Illinois American Oil ChemistsSociety, 1991.Vance, Deenis E, and Jean E. Vance. Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes.Amesterdam Elsevier, 1991.